Which law, passed in 1798, imposed fines for defaming government officials?

The Sedition Act, passed in 1798, was designed to curb dissent against the federal government, particularly in a politically charged environment between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans. This law made it a crime to speak, write, or publish false, scandalous, and malicious statements about the government or its officials, thereby imposing fines and potential imprisonment for those who violated it. The intent behind the Sedition Act was to protect the government from criticism that could undermine its authority, especially during a time of war and political instability.

In contrast, the Alien Act pertained to the treatment of immigrants, allowing the president to deport non-citizens deemed dangerous. The Judiciary Act primarily established the structure of the federal court system, and the Neutrality Act addressed issues related to foreign alliances and war. These laws, while significant in their respective contexts, did not involve the regulation of speech against government officials, which is the central focus of the Sedition Act. Understanding the implications of the Sedition Act highlights the tension between civil liberties and governmental authority during a formative period in U.S. history.