Which document formally declared American independence from Britain?

The Declaration of Independence, adopted on July 4, 1776, is the document that officially proclaimed the American colonies' separation from British rule. Authored primarily by Thomas Jefferson, this seminal document outlines the philosophical justification for independence, asserting the colonies' right to self-govern and detailing the grievances against King George III. It marked a pivotal moment in American history by articulating the principles of equality and the inherent rights of individuals, serving as a foundational text for the nation's identity and values.

The Articles of Confederation were created later as the first constitution of the United States, establishing a framework for governance rather than declaring independence. The Constitution itself, ratified in 1788, replaced the Articles and created a stronger federal government. The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, protecting individual liberties but is not related to the declaration of independence from Britain. Hence, the Declaration of Independence is the crucial document that formally severed political ties with Britain and justified the formation of a new nation.