Which delegate to the Constitutional Congress declined election citing concerns over a "rat"?

Patrick Henry is the correct answer because he was a prominent anti-federalist who strongly opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. His concerns were primarily centered around the potential for a strong central government to infringe upon individual liberties and states' rights. When discussing his reluctance to support the new Constitution, he famously referred to a "rat," likely signifying his belief that the Constitution, as it stood, was an invitation for tyranny. Henry's phrase reflects his broader apprehensions about the concentration of power and the lack of a Bill of Rights at that time, which he felt were essential to protect citizens.

This context is essential to understanding his role during this period. While other figures like Madison and Hamilton were instrumental in promoting the Constitution, Henry stood apart due to his firm advocacy for individual rights and his skepticism about the structure of government proposed in the Constitution. His refusal to attend the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia was a significant stance against what he perceived as an overreach by the Federalists.