During which century did the Gilded Age predominantly occur?

The Gilded Age predominantly occurred in the 19th century, specifically from the 1870s to the early 1900s. This period is characterized by rapid industrialization, economic expansion, and significant social and political changes in the United States. The term "Gilded Age" itself comes from Mark Twain's novel, which suggested that beneath the glittery surface of wealth and progress lay deep social issues, such as corruption and inequality.

During this time, the U.S. witnessed the rise of major industries, including railroads and steel, which transformed the economy and society. The effects of this rapid growth included urbanization, the growth of a sizable working class, and stark disparities in wealth. Significant events, such as labor strikes and the emergence of movements advocating for workers' rights, were also integral to the Gilded Age, further showcasing the complexities of this transformative period in American history.

While the other centuries mentioned may correspond to other important eras in U.S. history, they do not encompass the specific dynamics associated with the Gilded Age as identified in the 19th century.